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A business (also known as enterprise or firm) is an organization designed to provide goods, services, or both to consumers.[1] Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, in which most of them are privately owned and formed to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners
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Looking back at China's lighting industry for 20 years experiences to talk about the prospects

| Jumat, 15 April 2011 |

After years of exploration and practice, although there are still many problems, but the Chinese lamps have gradually adapted to the fierce market competition, throughout the production, distribution, sales and service links built up a certain amount of experience, these experiences for domestic enterprises in the within the framework of a broader participation in market activities to develop a more mature development strategy provided a valuable basis. China's lighting companies have to keep upgrading production technology and product quality, increase brand awareness and services, efforts to expand product awareness in order in the fierce market competition foothold.
Since reform and opening up, China's part of the lighting business from scratch, from weak to strong, and gradually worked out a business development for the entire industry experience to draw on. These experiences for the enterprises to improve their own operations to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, reduce the gap with the developed countries is essential business.
First, the product quality is the lifeline of enterprise development. With a gradual basis to meet the market demand, consumer emphasis on product quality increasing, ignoring the quality of products for individual enterprises are facing crisis of survival, while those who had taken note of and take measures to improve the quality of products is constantly expanding enterprise market capacity . To ensure product quality requires enterprises to strictly guard the quality of Tao, set up raw material inspection, semi-finished products inspection, product inspection, final inspection, etc. with a few full-quality inspection checkpoints, the use of advanced testing equipment and a reasonable testing methods to ensure that products from raw materials to finished products are to achieve the highest quality requirements. Based on ISO certification-related requirements, in strict accordance with the standard quality system and continually improve and perfect the enterprise has been in a standardized operation.
Second, the mainstream scientific and technological innovation, market demand-oriented, leading light new concepts. With the increasing competition in the market, the real contest is reflected in scientific and technological innovation, the company has a unique new technology, not only be able to adapt to changing market demands, but also to develop new markets and become the lighting industry pioneer, . In recent years, a number of lighting companies, through constant learning, the introduction of advanced production and testing equipment, technology and innovation as the mainstream, market demand, to produce high-quality, new styles, quality products meet the needs of the consumers, in the current increasingly competitive market environment, they have been in a leading position, leading lighting trends.
Third, the dealers as a whole marketing system in the most intimate partners, and distributors to support mutual cooperation and jointly create a good brand. In recent years, a number of lighting companies do not attach importance to the gradual change the previous dealers bad sense of habit, in the right and the dealer's support efforts, advertising, product development, brand building, maintenance and so on dealer market, are taking strong measures. They provide customers with market information, brand success of the solution to help dealers improve regional competitiveness, support them to become the local market leader in the marketing strategies of these successful vendors and ultimately achieving a win-win and sustainable business results, the short-term within the largest social and economic benefits. At present, the lighting industry, companies have generally adopted a more formal large area of exclusive agency, the small regional exclusive agency and regional agency three kinds of dealer system, these three systems have their advantages and disadvantages, but relatively speaking, large area of exclusive agency system more easily and dealers to share the fruits of development to mobilize the enthusiasm of dealers.
Chinese lighting company's future development road
Strengthen their own technological innovation, improve product quality.
Domestic lighting manufacturers should make early preparations, and to extend the work of raw materials, spare parts production enterprises, organizations, technology research, technological innovation, improving the production assembly process. To establish a recycling economy green awareness, break the green technical barriers. Export enterprises must conform to international green trend, only the "convergence" to "breaking barriers" can really with the world, in the areas of export Buzhi Yu repeatedly encountered "green barriers." With particular attention to critical production control points.
The EU ROHS Directive is the key to the adoption of alternative raw materials and processes, such as the use of lead-free soldering materials and lead-free soldering equipment; making full use of inorganic flame retardants; consider using non-hexavalent chromium (Cr6 +) of the surface treatment process; lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries to replace nickel-cadmium batteries, etc., to avoid the use of a limited six kinds of hazardous substances; to strengthen the research and manufacture of equipment, materials research, to overcome the excessive reliance on the international market supply. Second, we must pay attention to product upgrades, the creation of independent brands of the product is not irreplaceable.
Product is essentially non-substitutability of consumer switching costs by increasing product strength to achieve the purpose of consumption, which is reflected in the technical and functional advantages. Lighting products export enterprises to upgrade their technology to improve product with high added value, the creation of independent brands and so on for more inputs, more far-reaching consideration of the whole system of lighting industry, the establishment and continuous improvement. Third, we must focus on mastery of core technologies, especially in the light areas of research should be strengthened. This is also the basis of domestic lighting enterprises weaker one, but also the most profitable in the lighting area of the core area.
Many enterprises are currently the Yangtze River Delta is committed to the development and accumulation of light source technology. Fourth, we should focus on the consumption habits of consumers research and guidance. Lighting spending habits of consumers in a constantly evolving, such as the changes in buying habits lead to consumers buying places to buy time, to purchase the number of changes; Another example is the pursuit of consumers of light and color lamp led to the pursuit of consumers from the appearance to the practical changes; are the people on health, environmental protection, energy saving lighting consumption makes the pursuit of turning this area. Only through such an accurate grasp of consumer spending habits in order to develop corresponding products to dominate the market.
Focus on marketing, expansion of market capacity.
One is the high-end boost overall sales. In 2007, the Italian lighting brand MOOLLONA Qilang Asia-Pacific general agent, a royal style of European pure handmade glass lamp, with 109 million astronomical been successfully ordered. Yu Di Yu Christian Dior launch lamp Crystal lamp series Hua-Qi, home to launch ARI series of crystal lamps, are hanging international top brands Swarovski crystal beads in high-end lighting products. Introduction of high-end lighting effectively enhanced the corporate brand image and boost sales of the company as a whole is very large. Decoration ideas as changes in key locations of local bright spot in the individual designs will be required for high-end decorative lighting has become an indispensable part of the overall home improvement. The high-end lighting for corporate image building also play a very important role, combined with China's economic development, high-end market gradually expanded to high-end boost overall sales will be a new marketing tool.
The second is through a virtual channel with interpretation of changes in light. In 2007, Bo Cheng devaluation together to network and virtual environment through the selection of channels for lighting a new model with lights into a virtual terminal. Make the country prosperous industry's network of home improvement vision a grand opening of e-commerce sales will also be upgraded lighting, lighting industry, change channels, this curtain. With the continuous development of science and technology, network technology to be more extensive use of the network equipped with lights, lamps ordered the election will serve as a new channel model escalate. At the same time, more and more buyers of 80 became the main force, and this group to accept new things, ability, and proficient in networking and computer, and dare to try new models are equipped with lights will surely push forward the virtual path to a new level .
Third, we must create a business model can not be copied. Can not copy the business model is actually the greatest manifestation of product differentiation, such as McDonald's "can not allow consumers to wait for more than 30 seconds" requirement, the principle of refinement to achieve a lot of domestic enterprises want to emulate are not imitate the extent of operational model reflects the competitive edge, enterprises can carry out marketing forum, QQ marketing differentiated marketing.
    Fourth, together internationally renowned enterprises in the learning and cooperation enhance corporate power. Chinese enterprises must light the process of restructuring in the industry stand to benefit the value chain position, otherwise the result is out of the market by foreign brands. And too scattered, brand concentration is low, emphasis on product price competition will lead to domestic lighting industry's global competitive enough, more difficult to continue. With NVC Lighting, represented by domestic lighting enterprises have realized this point, the introduction of capital, the three major production bases layout, hand GE, lighting the Olympic Games take big orders, preparing for overseas listings, build international lighting brands, domestic lighting industry, the brand Legion adjusted critical juncture in the upcoming strike out, is for the pattern of the next round of competition after the restructuring is to add enough chips.
Lighting industry associations to play a positive role and cope with international trade friction.
Since 2000, the EU against Chinese energy-saving lighting products, light anti-dumping duties; Chinese lighting products will also implement the technical barriers to trade; U.S. exports to China LED lamps to implement the new safety standards. Lighting products developed for the Chinese anti-dumping, technical barriers to trade, security, trade barriers and restrictions and other charges, lighting associations should deal with international trade friction to play a more active role: First, Lighting Industry Association should guide enterprises, the joint Government has been actively response to anti-dumping. Lighting lighting industry trade associations should be required of each member unit of consciously abide by the rules of international trade and safeguard the overall interests of the industry and the market competition order to develop rules to regulate the line at about line units of the various governing conduct of operations, effective in reducing unfair competition, maintaining business interests; Lighting Industry Association would also like to enhance corporate oversight and optimize the export structure of lighting products, the export market diversification, reduce external dependence; lighting industry association should lead the industry association's governing unit of the common anti-dumping law to study and publicize the knowledge, foreign trade and to strengthen the development of self-protection and self-awareness in order to improve enterprise in a short time the anti-dumping capacity, change the passive situation of responding to anti-dumping; lighting industry associations can also be the establishment of anti-dumping fund to be used as enterprises in the training of anti-dumping in the funding and the cost of responding to anti-dumping cases; Finally, the use of "light Bo" strengthen cooperation with foreign-related trade associations and exchanges, understanding of the exporting countries in anti-dumping and related trade laws and regulations on the specific operations and requirements, trade associations come forward to avoid the Lighting Company in the event of anti-dumping cases, the formation of "alone" situation, to play together.
Second, the coordination of Lighting Industry Association's internal operations, breaking technical barriers to trade. Lighting industry associations should actively carry out various technical exchange activities to prevent the occurrence of technical barriers to trade; trade associations should also vigorously promote the lighting industry, standardization of construction, from the fundamental solution to the invasion of technical barriers to trade.
3 is the lighting industry associations to guide enterprises to strictly ensure product quality, to avoid the security barriers. Security in the face of trade barriers in developed countries, there is no need for its head-on, which focused on the quality of products to cross the border. Lighting Industry Association, this is only to guide enterprises to attach importance to product quality, and adhere to the "quality" and "brand strategy" road safety in order to avoid trade barriers. The same time, should actively carry out international certification. From international trade development trends, a country's products into the international market need access to the "pass", that is ISO9000 quality management system certification and ISO14000 environmental management system certification. Through international certification companies and products, means that a good reputation at home and abroad and market competitiveness.


Cable TV operators need to pay more rational multi-up losses - cable TV, digital TV - Network Applia

| Kamis, 14 April 2011 |

Cable TV Operators should carry out value-added services through the provision of digital pay TV content, etc., make up the overall digital conversion costs.
With the advance of digital cable, digital cable television fees and charges in the problems becoming more evident. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State
SARFT Jointly issued a "Circular on Strengthening Management of cable television fees and other related issues notice" (the "Notice"). "Notice" that to fully sort out the items involved in cable television fees, reasonable development of cable television fees. Learned through interviews with reporters earlier, China's cable TV industry, there is the cost of the project cost management and the value is too low or missing, which led to the basic operations of cable television viewing and maintenance costs low pricing. However, experts say, because cable digital television has some public good, so the basic viewing and maintenance costs should not be entirely determined in accordance with cost pricing. Operators should provide added value through
Service Digital pay-TV content, etc. make up the overall digital conversion costs, reduce the price hike cable subscription rate.
Unreasonable fees will be abolished Grand Research Project Manager Han Ling told the "China
Electronic Newspaper "reporter, cable television fees that really there are many irregularities, especially on the user in the process of opening, relocation, shutdown, often have to pay unreasonable fees. This reporter noted that "notice" special emphasis, the competent departments at all levels of prices related to cable users should apply for the opening, relocation, parking, complex machine, transfer fees and other procedures to conduct a comprehensive sort, against unreasonable charges should be canceled.
Reporter learned that a number of operating companies based on profitability considerations, the overall conversion in the digital terminal to profit through the sale of related. For example, operators in the set-top box to the user and IC card issuance to increase, the way of charging a profit. For this practice, "notice" that they are against.
In accordance with the requirements of cable operators, enterprise users to the cable digital TV set-top box IC card issuance shall not collect fees, expenses included in operating costs; on the result of damage, loss and apply for a replacement IC card can receive the appropriate fee, nominal fee standards approved by the provincial pricing authorities. Beijing's call the cable company Gehua, staff told reporters, Gehua issued to users when digital TV set-top box comes with the IC card, no extra charge. According to Han Ling Jieshao, now as Gehua cable operators to do so, little country.
Not only IC card can not be charged, set-top boxes are also excluded from the profit point of outside operators. In accordance with the "notice" requirement, cable operators unified user profile for the digital TV set-top boxes, set-top box price to be approved in accordance with the principle of non-profit, and timely adjustments as changes in production costs, reduce the user burden.
In fact, the expenditure for set-top boxes, government departments to give the operator a lot of money to subsidize. To Gehua, for example, to support the Beijing area the whole digital conversion, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Radio and Television in 2007, 2008, has allocated 80 million yuan to the Gehua, 70 million yuan of funds for the payment of set-top boxes. It is clear that the release of government departments to set-top box as a public good color behavior, operators benefit from nature is not appropriate.
Pricing has not yet fully reflect the cost
From the Government's perspective, the cable has a certain public good, from analog to digital, although transmission has changed, but must ensure the rights of ordinary users to watch TV will not be affected; from the operator's point of view, digital conversion requires a lot of overall costs, therefore, the whole must pass price increases after the switch to conduct value-added services, etc. to make up for previous spending; from the user's point of view, either analog or digital, subscription fees can not exceed the capacity of their economies.


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